If a patient reveals murderous intentions against his wife, a psychiatrist is duty bound to inform both police and the wife.
This principle is derived from which of the following medicolegal illustrations?
A. Two months before killing his exgirlfriend Tarasoff, Poddar had declared his intentions to his psychotherapist. The psychotherapist tried to have Poddar detained but he was soon released. Police were informed of the risk, but the court ruled that apart from a duty of care to the patient, and duty to protect by informing the police, there is a duty to warn the third party directly. This is called the Tarasoff ruling.
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Which of the following best describes the difference between the terms handicap and impairment?
A. Impairment (I) is defined as any loss or abnormality of a bodily structure or function. Disability (D) is the restriction to perform an activity in a normal manner due to the impairment. The social disadvantage for a given individual in terms of role fulfillment resulting from the disability is called handicap (H) (I leads to D; D leads to H). Reversibility of loss is not considered as a discriminating feature in defining handicap.
Fathers of schizophrenia patients originate from higher social class than the patients themselves. This exemplifies which of the following theories?
C. Goldberg conducted a survey of a national sample of males aged 25–34 on their first admission to a mental hospital in England and Wales for schizophrenia. This showed an expected excess of patients in lower social class v Lower economic class was seen as a cause for schizophrenia (social causation). But when the social class distribution of the fathers at the time of the patients’ birth was studied, it transpired to be very similar to that of the general population. This is explained by the hypothesis that schizophrenia results in a downward drift of socioeconomic status rather than poverty being a cause for schizophrenia. (This social drift hypothesis was first suggested by the Chicago study of Faris and Dunham, 1922–1934).
The Helsinki declaration is applicable in which of the following scenarios?
D. The Helsinki declaration is associated with research ethics. The efforts to streamline ethical principles of conducting research on human subjects started following the Second World War. Gillick competence refers to the assessment of ability of a child (16 years or younger) to consent to his or her own medical treatment, without the need for parental permission.
Which one of the following occupations carries a high risk of eating disorders?
A. Ballet dancers and models have a high prevalence of anorexia nervosa as a result of pressures to sustain a slim figure consistent with their professional requirements.