The first line treatment option for IMDC poor risk metastatic RCC is:
Answer B
The various lines of therapy have been outlined below (EAU guidelines 2019).
All of the following are FALSE about Bosniak cysts, except:
Answer B This classification system classifies renal cysts into five categories, based on CT imaging appearance and to predict malignancy risk.
The MOST common site of distant recurrence after curative treatment for primary RCC is:
After partial or radical nephrectomy, local recurrence in the renal fossa is rare (<2%). Recurrence in the contralateral kidney is rare (1.2%). Lung is the most common site of distant recurrence. Most recurrences occur within the first three years of treatment.
All of the following are factors that INCREASE the risk of hyperfiltration injury, except:
Answer D
When functional renal tissue is removed, glomerular hyperfiltration occurs in the remaining tissue to restore filtration capacity. Prolonged glomerular hyperfiltration may lead to renal injury in the form of focal segmental glomerulosclerosis and progressive renal failure [30]. This may take more than 10 years to develop. Proteinuria is the harbinger of hyperfiltration renal injury [31]. Risk factors for development of hyperfiltration injury include high protein diet, poorly controlled DM, HTN, use of steroids, obesity, hyperlipidaemia and removal of more than 75% of functional renal mass.
All of the following are prognostic nomograms for localised RCC, except:
Answer A
The prognostic models in RCC vary according to the stage and are described below (EAU guidelines 2019).
1. Localised RCC
2. Metastatic RCC
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