A patient feels very anxious leaving home. He feels people in the street are watching him and feels very self-conscious about what he does. He tries to interpret different gestures he could see others making in his presence.
Which one of the following suits this description best?
A. Ideas of reference are seen in paranoid personality disorder where the individual is unduly self-conscious and feels that people take notice of him or observe things about him that he would rather not be seen. It can also precede development of full-blown schizophrenia, where it is called sensitive ideas of reference or ‘sensitiver Beziehungswahn’.
Reference:
Overvalued ideas are NOT noted in the core symptoms of which one of the following disorders?
E. Overvalued ideas (Wernicke) are solitary, abnormal beliefs that are neither delusional nor obsessional in nature, but dominate a person’s actions. They have a poor prognosis and tend to dominate the sufferer’s life. Common conditions presenting with overvalued ideas are paranoid or anankastic personality disorder, Body dysmorphophobia, anorexia nervosa, morbid jealousy, and trans-sexualism.
Which one of the following is not a type of normal thinking process?
E. Normal thinking is of three types (or functions):
In formal thought disorder, asyndesis refers to which of the following?
A. Asyndesis is defined as lack of genuine causal links in speech. It is a type of formal thought disorder observed by Cameron. Poverty of content of speech or alogia is a term used to describe lack of information in speech. Lack of wide vocabulary could be measured by poor type–token ratio. Low type–token ratio has been observed in schizophrenia.
A patient who has taken lithium for some months discontinues it and says ‘the ocean needs a sail as rat needs a tail, so write your exam and don’t fail, results will be out in a mail’.
Which of the following symptoms is he exhibiting?
A. In clang associations, thoughts are associated by the sound of words rather than their meaning, that is through rhymes (rail/ tail/ sail) or puns (one word with two meanings rose = flower/ past tense of rise). Clang associations can form the basis for flight of ideas. Pressured speech is not a formal thought disturbance; it is rather a disturbance in stream of thought.
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