Mental health and problem behaviours in a community sample of 10- to 11-year-old children were recorded in the Isle of Wight study in 1960.
The prevalence of diagnosable psychiatric disorders in this study was approximately:
A. The Isle of Wight Study was one of the earliest epidemiological studies on children, carried out by Rutter et al. in 1960. In this study, all 10- to 11-year-old children in the Isle of Wight were surveyed using both parent and teacher questionnaires separately. A 5.7% prevalence of diagnosable psychiatric disorders was identified. Boys had more problems than girls in the ratio 2: 1. But only 10% of these children were known to psychiatric services at the time of this study.
Reference:
Which of the following statements regarding epidemiological surveys in child and adolescent mental health is true?
B. It is observed that adolescents have more psychiatric difficulties than younger children. The Isle of Wight Study was repeated when the cohort was around 14–15 years of age and the prevalence of psychiatric disorders was found to have increased from 5.7% to 8%. Marital disharmony predicted development of psychiatric problems by adolescence. A similar study carried out using a cohort followed up at Dunedin, New Zealand, revealed similar results.
References:
Questionnaires used in epidemiological surveys can be administered either by clinicians or trained non-clinicians.
Which of the following is true about these instruments?
E. In most of the large-scale epidemiological surveys of the last two decades, screening is carried out in a population sample using layperson-administered, structured tools to identify ‘caseness’. This is later followed by clinician-led diagnostic assessment to confirm such cases. It has been shown repeatedly that layperson diagnostic instruments diagnose more mental illness than those identified by clinician administered, standardized instruments. The agreement between these two types of diagnostic tools is poor, around a kappa of 0.1 to 0.4 only, but no single instrument can be claimed to be superior for case ascertainment purposes.
With regard to surveys of suicidal ideation, the transition from ideas to plans or attempts occurs most frequently in which of the following time intervals?
D. Using the data from 17 countries that participated in the WMH survey initiative, the cross-national lifetime prevalence of suicidal ideation is estimated to be 9.2%. Planning for suicide is estimated to occur in 3.1% while actual attempts take place in 2.7% of the sample; 60% of transitions from ideation to plan and attempt occur within the first year afterideation onset. Consistent, cross-national risk factors included being female, younger, less educated, unmarried, and having a mental disorder.
In epidemiological surveys of suicidal ideation, which of the following factors is not associated with increased suicidal ideation?
D. The significant risk factors strongly related to suicidal ideation in cross-sectional samples are being female, previously married, age less than 25 years,being poorly educated, and having one or more diagnosable psychiatric disorders. These risk factors are strongly associated with suicidal ideation rather than conversion of ideas to attempts. In fact, suicides are more common in men than women across all age groups.
Click to expand