Which of the following was a WHO-sponsored survey of outcome in schizophrenia across different countries?
B. Determinants of Outcome of Severe Mental Disorder and the reduction of disability study (DOSMeD) was conducted by WHO primarily to explore the nature of the differential outcome between developed and developing nations shown by the International Pilot Study of Schizophrenia (IPSS). DOSMeD used more rigorous criteria and followed more than 1300 patients in 10 countries and, similar to the IPSS, discovered that the highest rates of recovery occurred in the developing world. The Netherlands Mental Health Survey and Incidence Study (NEMESIS study) was not a multinational study. DEPRES stands for Depression Research in European Society study. DEPRES was the first pan-European, six-country, multinational study on the prevalence of depression in the general population.
Reference:
According to results from the World Mental Health Survey Initiative, which of the following is true?
A. TheWMH Survey Consortium was formed in 1998 and 28 countries were included in a large, ambitious population survey across countries at different economical stages of development. The method employed was a multistage household probability survey. Important findings from the WMH survey initiative were:
In Europe, the age group with highest prevalence of mental health problems is:
C. ESEMeD is the first major, multicentre, European psychiatric epidemiological study. ESEMeD is a part of World Mental health survey initiative of the WHO. Six European countries (not including the UK) were surveyed and a 60% response rate was achieved. The results showed that the highest rate of mental disorder was in the age group 18–24. Notably, while surveys such as NCS and NEMESIS excluded elderly populations, ESEMeD had nearly one in two respondents over 65 years of age.
In any given year, the proportion of Europeans who receive antidepressants for their depression is estimated to be around:
A. According to the ESEMeD survey, only 37% of Europeans with mood disorders and 21% with anxiety disorders sought help from health-care services. Only 21% of depressed patients received antidepressants in a year. One-third of identified cases had consulted their general practitioner in the preceding 12 months. Nearly one-third of those who sought help had never seen a mental health professional. Nearly 21% remained untreated in spite of seeking help. Comorbidity significantly influenced disability and functional impairment.
Among people who experience panic attacks, which of the following is the most common presentation?
B. Panic can exist in different forms. Major classification systems recognize panic disorder, agoraphobia, and comorbid panic disorder with agoraphobia. DSM considers panic disorder as a primary dysfunction while ICD focuses on agoraphobia. To diagnose panic disorder there must be frequent panic attacks within a specified time interval. It is increasingly realized that panic attacks can occur without fully satisfying panic disorder criteria. The National Comorbidity Survey Replication (NCS-R) collected data on four composite groups: isolated panic attacks, panic attacks with agoraphobia, panic disorder, and panic disorder with agoraphobia. Lifetime prevalence of panic attacks was only 28% compared to 4.7% who had a diagnosis of lifetime panic disorder only. Panic with agoraphobia had around 1% lifetime prevalence.
Click to expand