A 56-year-old female is admitted to ITU with a severe pneumonia. Thyroid function tests are most likely to show:
Correct Answer B:
Sick euthyroid syndrome: In sick euthyroid syndrome (now referred to as non-thyroidal illness) it is often said that everything (TSH, thyroxine and T3) is low. In the majority of cases however the TSH level is within the normal range (inappropriately normal given the low thyroxine and T3).
Changes are reversible upon recovery from the systemic illness.
Which one of the following is the most common non-iatrogenic cause of Cushing's syndrome?
Correct Answer E: Cushing's disease is the most common, non-iatrogenic, cause of Cushing's syndrome.
Cushing's syndrome: causes:
ACTH dependent causes:
ACTH independent causes:
Pseudo-Cushing's:
Which of the following is least recognized as a potential complication of acromegaly?
Correct Answer E: Acromegaly is associated with systemic rather than pulmonary hypertension. Secondary causes of pulmonary hypertension include COPD, congenital heart disease (Eisenmenger's syndrome), recurrent pulmonary embolism, HIV and sarcoidosis.
Acromegaly: features:
In acromegaly there is excess growth hormone secondary to a pituitary adenoma in over 95% of cases. A minority of cases are caused by ectopic GHRH or GH production by tumours e.g. pancreatic.
Features:
Complications:
Each one of the following is a cause of nephrogenic diabetes insipidus, except:
Correct Answer C: Diabetes insipidus (DI) is a condition characterized by either a deficiency of antidiuretic hormone, ADH, (cranial DI) or an insensitivity to antidiuretic hormone (nephrogenic DI).
Causes of cranial Diabetes insipidus:
Causes of nephrogenic Diabetes insipidus:
Investigation:
The first-line treatment in remnant hyperlipidaemia (dysbetalipoproteinaemia) is:
Correct Answer E:
Remnant hyperlipidaemia Overview:
Management:
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