Which one of the following karyotypes is associated with short stature?
Correct Answer A: Turner's syndrome is a chromosomal disorder affecting around 1 in 2,500 females. It is caused by either the presence of only one sex chromosome (X) or a deletion of the short arm of one of the X chromosomes.
Turner's syndrome is denoted as 45,XO or 45,X
Features:
There is also an increased incidence of autoimmune disease (especially autoimmune thyroiditis) and Crohn's disease.
T-Helper cells of the Th2 subset typically secrete:
Correct Answer A:
T-Helper cells: There are two major subsets of T-Helper cells:
1- Th1:
2- Th2:
A patient with lung cancer has a Positron Emission Tomography (PET) scan to evaluate possible metastatic disease.
What does this type of scan demonstrate?
Correct Answer C:
Positron Emission Tomography (PET): Positron Emission Tomography (PET) is a form of nuclear imaging which uses fluorodeoxyglucose (FDG) as the radiotracer. This allows a 3D image of metabolic activity to be generated using glucose uptake as a proxy marker. The images obtained are then combined with a conventional imaging technique such as CT to decide whether lesions are metabolically active.
Uses:
How is the left ventricular ejection fraction calculated?
Correct Answer E: Cardiovascular physiology:
Left ventricular ejection fraction:
Pulse pressure:
Factors which increase pulse pressure:
Which one of the following is associated with increased lung compliance?
Correct Answer C: Respiratory physiology: lung compliance: Lung compliance is defined as change in lung volume per unit change in airway pressure.
Causes of increased compliance:
Causes of decreased compliance:
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