A study is to be performed to assess whether the combined oral contraceptive pill is protective against pelvic inflammatory disease.
What is the most appropriate type of study design to provide robust evidence?
Correct Answer A: Whilst a case-control study may be used it would provide inferior evidence to that of a cohort study. It is of course not ethical to give women placebo contraceptive pills, as would be required with a randomized control trial.
Study design:
The following table highlights the main features of the main types of study:
Which of the following may be used in the treatment of hereditary angioedema?
Correct Answer A:
Hereditary angioedema: Hereditary angioedema is an autosomal dominant condition associated with low plasma levels of the C1 inhibitor (C1-INH) protein. C1-INH is a multifunctional serine protease inhibitor - the probable mechanism behind attacks is uncontrolled release of bradykinin resulting in oedema of tissues.
Investigation:
Symptoms:
Management:
Which of the following conditions is inherited in a X-linked recessive fashion?
X-linked recessive conditions: The following conditions are inherited in a X-linked recessive fashion:
The following diseases have varying patterns of inheritance, with the majority being in an X-linked recessive fashion :
Which one of the following statements regarding hypersensitivity reactions is false?
Correct Answer E: Goodpasture's syndrome is actually an example of a type II reaction. The other statements are true.
Hypersensitivity:
The Gell and Coombs classification divides hypersensitivity reactions into 4 types:
1- Type I - Anaphylactic:
2- Type II - Cell bound:
3- Type III - Immune complex:
4- Type IV - Delayed hypersensitivity:
In recent times a further category has been added:
5- Type V - Stimulated hypersensitivity:
Which one of the following best describes the Bohr effect?
Correct Answer E:
Respiratory physiology: Chloride shift:
Bohr effect:
Haldane effect:
Click to expand