Which one of the following is least associated with homocystinuria?
Correct Answer A:
Cystinuria not homocystinuria is associated with recurrent renal stones.
Homocystinuria: Homocystinuria is a rare autosomal recessive disease caused by deficiency of cystathionine beta synthase. This results in an accumulation of homocysteine which is then oxidized to homocystine.
Features:
Diagnosis:
Treatment:
Which one of the following foodstuff contains the most energy per unit weight?
Correct Answer C:
Butter is a type of fat and therefore contains the most energy.
Food energy:
The amount of energy a food product contains is expressed in calories (kcal). In simple terms, per unit weight, fats contain twice as many calories as protein or carbohydrates.
You are a ST1 doctor on a medical ward. It is 5:15pm and you were scheduled to finish your day 15 minutes ago. Today you're particularly keen to leave as it is your wife's birthday and you've arranged a night out. One of the staff nurses bleeps you as Mr Jones, one of your patients, has become drowsy. He was admitted two days ago to your ward with an exacerbation of COPD.
What is the most appropriate course of action?
Correct Answer E:
This question is mainly about professionalism and 'putting the patient first'.
The most appropriate response is to go and assess the patient yourself. You are most likely to know their history and it is possible that the on-call doctor will be delayed in reaching the ward due to other patients. The next best option is to bleep the on-call doctor yourself. This allows for a proper hand over, which would not happen if you asked the nurse to bleep the on-call doctor.
Filling in a clinical incident form as you were bleeped after hours is not appropriate.
The worst response would be to ask the nurse to instigate medical treatment without first assessing the patient.
This is clearly dangerous.
Which one of the following statements regarding the use of the p-value in statistical hypothesis testing is correct?
Significance tests:
A null hypothesis (H0) states that two treatments are equally effective (and is hence negatively phrased). A significance test uses the sample data to assess how likely the null hypothesis is to be correct.
For example:
The alternative hypothesis (H1) is the opposite of the null hypothesis, i.e. There is a difference between the two treatments.
The p value is the probability of obtaining a result by chance at least as extreme as the one that was actually observed, assuming that the null hypothesis is true. It is therefore equal to the chance of making a type I error (see below).
Two types of errors may occur when testing the null hypothesis:
The power of a study is the probability of (correctly) rejecting the null hypothesis when it is false, i.e. the probability of detecting a statistically significant difference:
A 54-year-old woman is admitted to the Medical Admissions Unit following a collapse. Bloods taken on admission show the following:
Which one of the following factors is most likely to be responsible for this result?
Correct Answer B:
Hypomagnesaemia:
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