Multiple Choice Questions MCQ

Question 40# Print Question

Extravasation injuries with non-isotonic agents are not infrequent in infants. Which is not true regarding management of these injuries?

A. Always remove the cannula

B. Hyaluronidase injection may be of benefit

C. Excision and grafting of the injured area may be appropriate

D. Stab incisions and saline flush of the area can help

E. The infusion pump should always be stopped

Question 36# Hemifacial microsomia (craniofacial microsomia):
A. Is relatively common with an incidence of 1:3000-1:5000
B. The mandibular hypoplasia was classified by Meurman
C. The OMENS classification includes a description of the spinal deformity
D. Osseodistraction is a last resort due to the fragility of the skeleton in these patients
E. Orbital dystopia is almost never seen in this group
Is relatively common with an incidence of 1:3000-1:5000. The mandibular hypoplasia was classified by Pruzansky (Muerman described ear deformity). OMENS is another classification which describes ocular, mandibular, ear, nerve and soft tissue deficiencies. Osseodistraction is first-line treatment for most skeletal correction. Orbital dystopia is common.

Question 37# Treacher-Collins syndrome consists of all except:
A. Lower eyelid colobomas
B. Malar hypoplasia
C. Antimongoloid palpebral fissures
D. Cleft palate
E. Micrognathia
Micrognathia.

Question 38# With regard to giant congenital naevi:
A. These are defined as >20cm squared surface area
B. They are defined as greater than 5% body surface area
C. Treatments such as dermabrasion and CO2 laser are more effective after the age of 3
D. The risk of malignancy is at least 50% (lifetime)
E. None of the above is true
They are defined as greater than 5% body surface area. Giant congenital naevi are defined as >5% surface area or 20cm in diameter. Because the naevi are more superficial and mature (travel deeper) with time, early treatment with ablative modalities may be more efficacious. The malignant potential is controversial with widely quoted rates from 2-40% (approximate) but significant evidence points towards a lesser risk than previously thought and 50% would be an exaggerated risk.

Question 39# Neonatal splintage can be used to correct:
A. Microtia
B. Prominent ears and Stahl’s bar
C. Pre-auricular tags
D. Darwin’s tubercle
Prominent ears and Stahl’s bar.

Question 40# Extravasation injuries with non-isotonic agents are not infrequent in infants. Which is not true regarding management of these injuries?
A. Always remove the cannula
B. Hyaluronidase injection may be of benefit
C. Excision and grafting of the injured area may be appropriate
D. Stab incisions and saline flush of the area can help
E. The infusion pump should always be stopped
Always remove the cannula. This is incorrect; the cannula may be of benefit in treatment if it is kept in situ to help with lavage or administration of an antidote. The infusion pump should be stopped immediately if that is the source. Injection of hyaluronidase and flushes with saline through multiple stab incisions around the area can help reduce the extent of tissue damage. Excision and grafting or other methods of reconstruction may be required, but usually as a delayed procedure.